Ambassadors of Our Nocturnal Allies

Ambassadors of Our Nocturnal Allies

closeup of a brown bat being held by a person

A Forest of Hope

I am sitting at a threshold, I am watching change. Last night, I laid down under trees that appear dead. I gaze through bare branches and the sounds of night are dominated by wind rustling through dry leaves. This morning, I awoke to new growth. With the first rains promising, the dry branches have miraculously sprouted new leaves and the croaking of frogs and chirping of crickets fills the air.
a landscape scene showing a dirt road with a barb wire fence and mountains in the background
Landscape image taken in Tongorrape, Motupe, Lambayeque, Peru.

This is not the only change I am observing. From my seat on a boulder in a dry river bed, trees cloak the hillside to my right and the smell of the famous incense “palo santo” heavy in the air. To my left is a bare savannah, cleared of forest, interspersed with patches of bright green plantain farms where the air smells of moisture and mangos. This riverbed marks the border of the Salitral-Huarmaca Regional Protected Area, one of many efforts to protect the last primary growth Tumbesian dry-forest ecosystems in Peru. To prevent illegal loggers from turning this forest into a mirror image of the (western) bank, volunteer park guards patrol the entire area.

a female scientist demonstrating how to use equipment to a group of people sitting and standing beneath a canopy
Morgan Hughes demonstrating the use of a mist net to local park guards in the Salitral-Huarmaca regional protected area.
Their efforts symbolize another change underway, the recent conservation of this critically endangered ecosystem. Long overshadowed by the appeal of rainforests, tropical-dry forests have been subjected to industrial logging and agriculture for decades. As a result, only 2% of this ecosystem remains in good condition, resulting in region-wide flooding and drought events. These protected patches serve as a refuge for hope, by harboring endemic species which are adapted to this highly seasonal climate. From these forests, seeds emerge and spread across the landscape, reforesting wide expanses of deforested brush. I am here to study a group of animals responsible for this seed dispersal and the resulting forest recovery, bats.

Researching and Defending Our Forgotten Foresters

In order to maximize seed dispersal by bats, we are working to understand their habitat use, diversity and movement across the landscape. With the help of funding from Conservation Nation, I spent a year traveling around northern Peru to study bats at 136 locations ranging from cloud forests, to cactus covered savannahs, from beach caves to university campuses, from waterfalls to cacao plantations. We captured over 5,000 bats belonging to 66 species across 9 protected areas and dozens of rural communities.
a man with a flashlight in a jungle at night prepares to collect bats that were captured in a large net
Luiggi Carrasco preparing to remove captured bats from a mist net for processing in the Regional Conservation Area Salitral-Huarmaca, Piura, Peru. Each dot is an individual of Artibeus fraterculus.
Along the way we confronted fear and misconceptions. We listened patiently as people explained, falsely, that all bats drink blood, then watched their faces transform as we showed videos of the much more common nectivores and frugivores drinking sugar water or eating figs. After dozens of children followed us into the woods to see more “flying unicorns” (a personal nickname for leaf-nosed Phyllostomidae bats), we learned to schedule the public education events at the end of the trips rather than at the beginning. We explained the benefits of vaccinating cattle against rabies to community groups and played games about echolocation with school children. After community members boasted about killing bats in caves and abandoned homes, we spent our days hiking up cliffs and visiting dozens of buildings to demonstrate to them the pile of dead insects under the supposed vampire bat’s home.
a young female student wearing a bat costume
Student demonstrating her parade costume which speaks to the role of bats as seed dispersers and pollinators.

Abundance and Generosity

This was my first time working with bats outside of the United States and I was quickly humbled by the contrasts. By my second night, we had captured more species than exist in the State of Florida and by my second month, I had handled more bats than in three years of netting in the Eastern US.
a female scientists wearing a headlamp and gloves holds up two species of bats
Morgan Hughes presenting two species of bats captured in the Cerros of Amotape National Park.

Even more striking was the hospitality. From the first community meeting, people were fighting to have us sample in their farms or to be our guides into the forest. I sometimes had to take a deep breath before reminding the neighbors offering us free breakfast at 5:30 am that we finished work at 1:00 am the night before. I will be forever grateful to the school principals who lend us their office floors to sleep, to the volunteers who helped with digging out a road with machetes after a mudslide, and to the amazing biologists who founded and manage these conservation areas. As I settle into data analysis and modeling, long days will be fueled by the energy and generosity of everyone we met along the way. Results will help guide protected area development and land management.

More about Morgan and this project

Morgan Hughes is one of Conservation Nation’s 2022 emerging conservationist grant winners. She graduated from Utah State University with a B.S. in wildlife management